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Shy or extroverted? Personality also depends on DNA

2026-09-10 18:59:35Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

Shy or extroverted? Personality also depends on DNA

Are we pessimistic or not, shy or open with others? According to a new study, our personality traits are also influenced by our DNA.

An analysis of more than 1 million people, published in the scientific journal Nature, has identified more than 1,260 genetic variants linked to personality traits such as sociability, creativity and empathy. More than 800 of these variants had not previously been linked to these factors.

The study, coordinated by Michigan State University, highlights that these genetic variants, especially when acting together, can influence behavioral traits. However, the authors emphasize that the environment in which we grow up and live still has a greater impact on each person's personality.

Italian researchers from the Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, the Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso" of the National Research Council, as well as the University of Sassari also participated in the study.

By analyzing participants' DNA and questionnaire responses, the researchers identified genetic variants linked to five main personality categories: extroversion, which is related to the degree of sociability or reserve; openness, which reflects curiosity and interest in new experiences; conscientiousness, which is related to self-discipline and reliability; agreeableness, which is related to empathy and compassion; and neuroticism, which is how we manage stress and negative emotions.

According to the study, no single genetic variant determines personality. Each variant has only a very small impact, but the combination of many variants can have a more pronounced effect.

Experts emphasize that there is no such thing as an “aggression gene,” for example. There are a set of genetic variants that can increase the tendency for certain behaviors, but these constantly interact with the environment. A child with a genetic tendency toward aggression, if raised in a positive environment, may become a calm individual. Conversely, the same genetic profile in a hostile environment may be associated with more aggressive behavior.

The study also notes that genetic variants linked to openness to new experiences may increase the likelihood that a person will move to a more cosmopolitan city or neighborhood. Meanwhile, a new environment may further strengthen this trait.

The same personality-related variants also appear to partly influence other factors, such as physical and mental health, lifespan, education level, and career. For example, people who are highly conscientious tend to be more active during the day, while extroversion and openness are more often associated with a tendency to stay up late.

Psychologists and psychiatrists have long recognized the role of genetics in personality, but they emphasize that it is not a written destiny. Personality is the result of the ongoing interaction between nature and environment, which begins in prenatal life and continues throughout life.

Experts point out that experiences, education, studies, and psychotherapy can influence how we are shaped. The brain is plastic, especially in the first decades of life, and for this reason the early environment, the first three years of life, and then adolescence, are considered very important periods for personality development.


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