
Russia appears on track to produce nearly three times as much artillery ammunition as the US and Europe, a key advantage ahead of what is expected to be another Russian offensive in Ukraine this year. Russia produces about 250,000 rounds and artillery shells a month, or about 3 million a year, according to NATO intelligence estimates.
The US military has set a target of producing 100,000 artillery shells per month by the end of 2025, less than half of Russia's monthly output, and even that number is now out of reach with a $60 billion fund for Ukraine pending approval. of Congress.
Officials say Russia fires about 10,000 shells a day, compared to only 2,000 a day from the Ukrainian side. The report is worse in some places along the front.
The shortage comes at perhaps the most dangerous time for Ukraine's war effort since Russia launched military aggression in February 2022. US money to arm Ukraine has run out and Republican opposition in Congress has vetoed new funding.
Russia operates the artillery factories 24 hours a day, 7 days a week in alternating 12-hour shifts, a NATO official said. About 3.5 million Russians now work in the defense sector, up from 2 to 2.5 million before the war. Russia also imports munitions: Iran sent at least 300,000 artillery shells last year, "probably more than that," the official said, and North Korea provided at least 6,700 ammunition containers holding millions of shells.
Russia has also recently targeted Ukrainian defense production with its long-range weapons.
According to the top NATO official, Russia produces 115 to 130 long-range missiles and 300 to 350 one-way attack drones based on an Iranian model supplied by Tehran each month. Although before the war Russia had a stockpile of thousands of long-range missiles in its arsenal, today it is about 700, the official said.