North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has said it is the duty of women to stop the country's falling birthrate in order to strengthen national power, while his government has stepped up calls for couples to have more children.
While a detailed reading of North Korea's population trends is extremely difficult due to limited statistics, the South Korean government estimates that the birth rate in North Korea has fallen steadily over the past 10 years.
This is a worrying development for a country that depends on mobilized labor to help keep the sanctions-ravaged economy afloat.
Kim's latest appeal for women to have more children was made on Sunday during the country's National Mothers' Meeting, the first of its kind in 11 years.
"Stopping the decline in the birth rate and providing good care and education to children are all our family issues that we must solve together with our mothers," Kim Jong Un said in his opening speech.
According to South Korea's government statistics agency, North Korea's total fertility rate, or the average number of babies a woman is expected to have in her lifetime, was 1.79 in 2022, up from 1.88 in 2014.