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After 35 hours of talks, the EU sets the world's first regulation on artificial intelligence

2023-12-10 13:10:47Biznes SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

After 35 hours of talks, the EU sets the world's first regulation on

The agreement was reached at the political level on Friday night after talks that occupied the whole day and followed an unsuccessful marathon between Wednesday and Thursday afternoon. The breakthrough came amid aggressive lobbying by tech companies of all sizes, stern warnings from civil society and intense media scrutiny as the legislation from Brussels could very well affect similar regulatory efforts around the world.

The negotiations were a hard-fought battle between governments and lawmakers over a range of highly complex and technical issues. After sealing a tentative compromise on Thursday to rein in establishment models that power chatbots like OpenAI's ChatGPT, Friday's talks had a strong focus on the use of real-time biometrics, including facial recognition, in public spaces. At the heart of the debate was whether state authorities should be allowed to deploy AI-powered biometric systems that can identify and categorize people based on sensitive characteristics such as gender, race, ethnicity, religion and political affiliation, as well as facial recognition systems. emotions and anticipatory politics.

In their joint mandate, MEPs said that these practices were "intrusive and discriminatory" and should therefore be banned throughout the EU. Member states, however, took a different view and argued that law enforcement exemptions were necessary to track down criminals and deter threats to national security. France passed legislation earlier this year to enable the use of biometric surveillance during the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, a first for an EU country.

The clash between national security and fundamental rights absorbed most of the energy on Friday. Spain, the current holder of the Council's rotating presidency, had the difficult task of representing the 27 member states and maintaining a united front. The talks were interrupted by a protracted recess where lawmakers discussed among themselves the demands made by the Spanish presidency. Meanwhile, scholars and activists took to social media to urge MEPs to resist exemptions for law enforcement.

In the end, Parliament caved in and signed off on a set of “stringent conditions” that will allow authorities to use real-time biometrics to search for victims of kidnapping, trafficking and sexual exploitation; preventing terrorist threats; and finding persons suspected of committing serious crimes, such as terrorism, murder, rape and armed robbery. In contrast, biometric categorization based on sensitive characteristics, social assessment, predictive policing, vulnerability exploitation and emotion recognition will be prohibited in the workplace and in educational institutions.

Given the complexity of the issue at hand, the compromise that emerged from the protracted talks is likely to require further fine-tuning in the coming days. Carme Artigas, Spain's Secretary of State for Digitization and AI, insisted that "every article" had been agreed, leaving no "loophole" to bypass respect for human rights. Once the legal text, which includes hundreds of pages in articles and annexes, is rewritten, it will be sent to the European Parliament for a new vote in the semi-cycle, followed by a green light from the seats in the Council. Final votes are expected to take place in early 2024. The law will then have a gradual period before it becomes fully applicable.


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