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Who is in control in Syria after the overthrow of Assad?

2024-12-10 10:26:30Kosova&Bota SHKRUAR NGA KERSTEN KNIPP
Who is in control in Syria after the overthrow of Assad?
Abu Mohammed al-Julani, known by his real name Ahmad al-Sharaa, is the leader of the Syrian militant group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), which played a key role in the overthrow of the Bashar al-Assad regime. He is one of the most prominent figures in the Syrian opposition and has led the fight against the Syrian regime and other foreign forces that have intervened in the conflict.

The regime of the harsh ruler Bashar al-Assad was overthrown. Everything you need to know to understand the situation in Syria?

Who controls Syria now?

Assad was overthrown by the Islamist alliance Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). HTS has a complicated history in the Syrian conflict. It was originally founded as Jabhat al-Nusra in 2011, a branch of the Islamist terrorist organization al-Qaeda, founded with the help of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the well-known jihadist leader who later led the Islamic State (IS).

HTS and its leader, Abu Muhammad al-Julani, have distanced themselves from the extremist terrorist organization Al-Qaeda in recent years and have focused on Syria. For this reason, HTS is not on the list of terrorist organizations by the German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, a spokeswoman for the German Federal Interior Ministry announced on Monday (09.12.2024).

"The military victories of HTS, along with other groups, including those of a non-religious character, pursue a national agenda directed against the Syrian government," the German government argues. German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said Sunday evening in a video message that Syria's new government will be judged by its work.

Is there peace in Syria now?

Fighting between factions continues: A major coalition group participating in the offensive on Aleppo is the Syrian National Army (SNA), founded in 2017 and uniting dozens of factions with different ideologies.

The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) are a coalition of mainly Kurdish fighters, supported by Arabs and other ethnic groups, that emerged during the Syrian civil war. The SDF has operated under the leadership of the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) and has received significant support from the United States, particularly during the campaign against the Islamic State.

What role do international powers have?

Turkey

Turkey has exerted its influence in Syria by supporting armed groups such as HTS and SNA. Since the start of the civil war, the Turkish military has carried out several military interventions across the border in Syria, mainly against Syrian Kurdish forces.

Russia

Russia has been Assad's most trusted ally, providing military and logistical support throughout the war. Its airstrikes and troops helped Assad maintain power for years, but its capacity to intervene has diminished as resources have been diverted to the war in Ukraine. Assad has rewarded Russia in the past by donating key strategic points, especially ports in the country.

Iran

Iran sees Syria as a vital link in the "axis of resistance," a coalition of militias in the Middle East fighting against US and Israeli influence. It has supported Assad by deploying Iranian forces and Hezbollah fighters, while Damascus has allowed weapons from Iran and Iraq to flow into Lebanon.

United States

The US supported opposition groups during the early stages of the rebellion in the 2010s, but then shifted its focus to the fight against the Islamic State.

Israel

Over the past decade, Israel has repeatedly carried out airstrikes on Iranian and Hezbollah assets in Syria. Its actions are aimed at disrupting arms shipments to Hezbollah and neutralizing threats near the occupied Golan Heights. On Monday, December 9, Israel announced that it would intensify airstrikes on advanced weapons depots in Syria, aiming to neutralize potential threats following the fall of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. Defense Minister Israel Katz said the military would destroy heavy strategic weapons throughout Syria, including surface-to-air missiles, air defense systems, surface-to-surface missiles, cruise missiles, long-range missiles and coastal missiles. Foreign Minister Gideon Saar stressed that Israel has no interest in interfering in Syria's internal affairs, but aims to protect its citizens by preventing strategic weapons, such as remaining chemical weapons or long-range missiles, from falling into the hands of extremists.

Where is Bashar al-Assad?

Bashar al-Assad is suspected of being in Moscow, according to Russian news agencies. The two state agencies, Tass and Ria Novosti, reported on Sunday, citing a Kremlin source, that Russia has granted Assad asylum on humanitarian grounds. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), based in the United Kingdom, Assad left Damascus on Saturday evening at around 10 p.m. on a private plane. Syrian military sources also confirmed the information. Damascus is in celebration: Videos and photos on social media show people entering the ousted ruler’s presidential palace and celebrating.

Anila Shuka prepared in Albanian/ DW


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