
Three in four pilots in Europe have experienced brief episodes of involuntary sleep while working in the cockpit, while almost one in four admits to continuing to fly even when extremely tired. The data comes from a survey by the European Cockpit Association (ECA), conducted during the summer season of 2026, and raises concerns about flight safety and working conditions in airlines.
The survey was conducted among 8,589 people, of whom 7,198 responses were included in the main analysis. According to the results, 76.8 percent of pilots had experienced at least one episode of microsleep in the four weeks prior to the survey, while 24.7 percent reported more than five episodes. These brief periods of involuntary sleep can impair concentration and the ability to react in situations that require full attention.
One of the main causes is fatigue caused by long shifts, irregular schedules and insufficient rest time. Some 35.6 percent of pilots consider their work schedules unstable, while 38.8 percent say they usually do not have enough time to recover between shifts.
Of particular concern is the fact that many pilots are hesitant to report fatigue for fear of repercussions in the workplace. Although 82.3 percent know how to file a report, only 11.9 percent have confidence in the system and only 11.3 percent say that their reporting has led to concrete changes to improve safety.
The survey shows that 24.2 percent of pilots do not report fatigue and continue to fly, while 52 percent admit that during the previous three months they have performed at least one flight when, upon assessing the situation afterwards, they should have been declared unfit for work due to fatigue.
The problem appears to be more pronounced among low-cost carriers. Some 60.2 percent of pilots in these companies rate fatigue risk management as poor or very poor. Also, 34.1 percent reported at least five episodes of microsleep over a four-week period, compared to 19.6 percent of pilots in traditional carriers.
Italy also shows a significant deterioration. The percentage of pilots working for companies with an Italian air operator certificate who report insufficient time to recover from fatigue increased from 26.1 percent in 2023 to 42.9 percent in 2026.
According to Commander Coen George, some companies pressure pilots to extend shifts, make up for delays or deal with scheduling issues. He warned that these practices could harm flight safety.
ECA President Tanja Harter called for concrete changes in the way companies manage fatigue and how national authorities control air operators. According to her, the responsibility for safety cannot be left to pilots alone, but must be shared between companies and supervisory institutions.
The report raises concerns about a problem that goes beyond working conditions: lack of sufficient rest and fear of reporting fatigue can directly impact passenger safety.