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Natural disasters, risk map changes, new strategy for civil emergencies

2024-01-13 13:48:01Biznes SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

Natural disasters, risk map changes, new strategy for civil emergencies

The earthquakes of 2019 and further the Covid-19 pandemic have radically changed the "hierarchy" of risks that can cause civil emergencies in Albania, while a new risk has entered the game, that of technology. In January of this year, the Government approved the National Plan for Emergencies, which already refers to a new risk map, as well as new mechanisms and actors in their handling.

Recent events, according to the Government, have shown the variety and intensity of crises and natural and man-made risks in Albania. The year 2019 was a key year for the country as not only was the new law no. 45/2019, which provides for civil defense responsibilities, but it was also the year of two powerful earthquakes, namely on 21.9.2019 and 26.11.2019. This was followed by the global coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in 2020, which claimed the lives of over 3,400 Albanians. These key events have been accompanied by the constant risks of floods, forest fires, extreme temperatures, droughts and landslides, which occur with periodic frequency across the country. According to the National Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (SKZRF), the data collected for the analysis of trends show that, in recent times, these "routine" incidents have transformed and turned into emergencies or disasters that are more frequent and on a larger scale wide for the country and most likely this comes as a result of the impacts of climate change.

Regarding the Disaster Risk Assessment, the Plan emphasizes that an additional analysis and synthesis was implemented based on 6 main risk assessment reports to provide a comprehensive and coherent panorama of disaster risks in the country. As a method for the analysis, a multiple risk assessment tool was chosen, which helps to focus on the complex and chain-effect risks associated with multiple vulnerabilities and risks in each territory.

As a result of the analysis and synthesis, it became possible to develop comparative matrices for the eight major risks (including the six mandatory risks provided by law), as well as their possible impact and implications for each of the twelve counties of the country. Several possible disaster risk scenarios were developed, as well as recommendations for priority areas of capacities for disaster risk management were identified. Finally, the Plan lists these eight major risks that could potentially cause civil emergencies in the country: firstly Floods, secondly Technological incidents (Man-made/processes), thirdly Biological hazards, fourthly Landslides, fifth Earthquakes, sixth Dam Breaks, seventh massive fires, and last Avalanches.


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