
A secret underground complex has undergone extensive modernization in recent years by Russia, according to a new study, The Times reports. Military procurement documents and original construction plans reveal the scale of work at the facility, which has been linked for decades to Russia’s Perimeter system, known in the West as the “Dead Hand.”
If Russia were to be subjected to a nuclear attack, the command to launch the remaining missiles in the Russian nuclear arsenal could be sent from this complex.
The secret complex, an intelligence priority for decades
Western intelligence agencies have had information about Kosvinsky Mountain since the Cold War, and activity in the area has been monitored for years. Military analysts have long believed that Object 1335 was largely out of action.
But between 2018 and 2024, the Russian military purchased vast quantities of materials for the complex. Among them was enough steel to build roughly three Eiffel Towers, more than 56,000 tons of cement, and about 600 kilometers of electrical cables.
The work began to become visible in 2018, when trucks began transporting large quantities of construction materials along the new road to the mountain. Specialized equipment for drilling rock, ventilation systems like those used in mines, and protective equipment for working with chemical and radioactive materials were also purchased.

The Danish journalist network Danwatch says the research is based on more than two million documents on Russian military procurement. The journalists have been analyzing them from a public database for months, despite efforts by Russian authorities to restrict access to such information.
According to experts and sources familiar with Russian military infrastructure, the work is related to the modernization of a system that, with a high degree of automation, can bypass the usual command channels and communicate directly with missiles equipped with nuclear warheads.

Perimeter or “Dead Hand”
Perimeter is a system developed during the Cold War and became known in the West as the “Dead Hand.” Its purpose is to ensure the possibility of a nuclear response even in a scenario in which the Russian political and military leadership would be destroyed in a first-strike nuclear attack.
Jeffrey Lewis, a professor of nuclear disarmament and arms control at Stanford University and a nuclear security expert, believes the research findings point to a possible reactivation of the system.
"The simplest explanation is that the Russians are probably putting Dead Hand back into action. That's a big statement, but sometimes things are as they seem. You know, this is the command center for the Strategic Missile Forces. And this is where Dead Hand is headquartered. So the fact that it's apparently being fully repaired and is returning to operational function suggests that it will do what it was originally designed to do," says Jeffrey Lewis, adding that Moscow is concerned about American capabilities.
Tom Roseth, an expert on Russian security policy and senior instructor of intelligence studies at the Norwegian General Staff College, also believes that the available data points to the modernization of the Perimeter.
At the same time, he emphasizes that the system was designed for nuclear retaliation, not to launch a first strike. Therefore, he interprets the work on Mount Kosvinsky primarily as an attempt to protect a key command post.
According to his assessment, an important factor could also be the development of American weapons designed to destroy deeply buried bunkers. Such weapons were also used during the American attacks on Iran, when underground facilities were hit.

A system designed for the worst possible scenario
The idea behind Perimeter is related to the concept of mutually assured destruction that marked the Cold War. Soviet strategists developed a system that would allow for a retaliatory nuclear strike even if the country's political and military leadership were destroyed.
In the event of a warning of an imminent nuclear attack, the Russian leadership would have very little time to decide whether the threat was real and whether to order a counterattack.