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Extraordinary discovery of a rare star sheds light on the origins of the universe

2026-03-22 21:23:18Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

Extraordinary discovery of a rare star sheds light on the origins of the

Scientists have made an extraordinary discovery that sheds light on the earliest stages of the universe's evolution.

Acting as "cosmic archaeologists," they have identified a rare second-generation star, which contains extremely low amounts of iron and preserves in its composition traces of the first chemical processes that occurred after the birth of the universe.

The star, known as PicII-503, is located in the dwarf galaxy Pictor II, about 150,000 light-years from Earth. It was discovered with the help of advanced astronomical instruments, including the DECam camera mounted on the Víctor M. Blanco telescope in Chile. What makes this object so special is its extremely low iron content, only 1/40,000th that of the Sun, making it one of the most primitive stars ever identified outside our Galaxy.

However, the most striking feature of this star is not just its lack of iron.

Extraordinary discovery of a rare star sheds light on the origins of the

Researchers have found that it contains an unusually high amount of carbon, with a carbon-to-iron ratio over 1,500 times greater than that of the Sun. This unique combination constitutes a “chemical signature” directly linked to the first stars in the universe.

A window into the cosmic past

The first stars, known as population III (POP III) stars, formed in a universe that contained mostly hydrogen and helium, with almost no heavier elements. These stars were the first to create elements such as carbon and iron in their cores. When they exploded as supernovae at the end of their lives, these elements were scattered into space, enriching the interstellar gas.

From this enriched material, second-generation stars (POP II), such as PicII-503, formed. For this reason, they are considered “time capsules” that preserve information about a key stage in the chemical evolution of the universe.

According to researchers, the discovery of such a star is extremely rare and until recently was considered almost impossible. PicII-503 offers a unique opportunity to understand how the first elements were produced and how the chemical composition of the universe gradually built up.

A discovery that challenges theories

The analysis suggests that the unusual ratio of carbon to iron can be explained by the nature of the first supernova explosions. If these explosions were low-energy, lighter elements like carbon would have been scattered into space, while heavier elements like iron would have been trapped in the remnants of the explosion.

The fact that this star is located in a very small galaxy with weak gravity supports this theory, suggesting that conditions in the early universe were very different from those we observe today.


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