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2026-09-29 11:35:04Histori SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

A significant archaeological discovery in northern Greece is shedding light on one of the most famous chapters of ancient Macedonian history. Near the ancient city of Mieza, near present-day Naoussa, archaeologists have unearthed a large school complex dating back to the 4th century BC.

Researchers believe that it is a complex built by order of King Philip II of Macedonia, around 343 BC, for the education of his son, Alexander, and the young men of the most prominent Macedonian families.

It is in this very place that it is believed that the great philosopher Aristotle taught the young man who would later become known as Alexander the Great.

The archaeological excavations, launched in 2024 and directed by archaeologist Angeliki Kottaridi, extend over an area of ​​about 30 hectares.

The complex has impressive dimensions and architecture, while some of its elements resemble the style of the Macedonian royal palace of Aigai, near present-day Vergina, where Philip II and Alexander lived.

The building was conceived as an ancient gymnasium, an institution where the education of the mind and care of the body were inseparable.

Educational facilities have been discovered in the complex, including a large hall with stone benches, but also a stadium, a sports arena, and a long covered portico, known as a stoa.

But the lives of young people were not limited to lessons and physical activities.

Archaeologists have also discovered spaces intended for the social life and banquets of the Macedonian aristocracy.

The complex contained two large and luxurious banquet halls, decorated with mosaic floors. They had raised platforms on which up to 12 banquet beds, known as kline, could be placed.

These discoveries provide a rare glimpse into the lifestyle of the Macedonian elite and the education that young people from aristocratic families received.

Among the discovered objects are four styli, tools used to write or carve texts on wax tablets.

Coins and ceramic fragments have also been found. However, no inscriptions have been discovered that directly mention the names of Aristotle or Alexander the Great.

However, researchers link the discoveries to Alexander's school due to the dating of the objects, the size of the complex, the proximity to the Macedonian royal court, and the match with the location described by ancient authors, including Plutarch.

In 342 BC, Philip II summoned Aristotle to educate his son, Alexander. The philosopher was then 39 years old and was already known for his work in philosophy, rhetoric, and natural history.

The reason why Philip chose Aristotle is not entirely clear.

Some historians believe that the philosopher was recommended to the king by his friends. Others have hypothesized political motives, while another theory is related to the friendship between Philip's fathers and Aristotle.

Alexander was only about 14 years old when he began his studies with the philosopher. According to Plutarch, he had a strong and independent character, but could be guided by reason when properly directed.

One of the ways in which Aristotle attempted to shape the character of his student was through Greek literature.

The teacher chose Homer's "Iliad" as one of the main texts for Alexander's education and gave him a copy.

According to tradition transmitted by ancient sources, Alexander carried this work with him even during his military campaigns.

Through the stories of ancient Greek heroes, Aristotle aimed to teach the prince an important moral principle: to avoid both cowardice and reckless courage, pursuing a courage guided by reason.

According to Plutarch, Aristotle conducted his teachings while walking in the shady paths near the sanctuary of the nymphs at Mieza.

Other young men from the most important Macedonian families also participated in these lessons.

Aristotle taught them about value, courage, and friendship, while he also conveyed to Alexander a thirst for knowledge, curiosity about distant lands, and an interest in books and medicine.

Above all, according to Plutarch, he aroused in him “a burning passion for philosophy.” The relationship between Aristotle and Alexander did not always remain so close.

When Alexander learned that Aristotle had made some of his private teachings public, he wrote to the philosopher expressing his displeasure.

At first, Alexander had said that he admired Aristotle almost as much as his father, expressing the relationship by saying that he owed his father his life, and his teacher a life worth living.

Over time, however, the relationship between them became colder, especially on political issues.

Aristotle's teaching lasted about three years. Then the philosopher left and returned to Athens.

Although Aristotle had a significant influence on Alexander's intellectual formation, it remains debatable how much influence philosophy had on his pupil's political and military decisions.

Aristotle wrote a dialogue about colonies for Alexander and is believed to have dedicated a work entitled "On Kingship" to him.

However, historical sources do not provide clear evidence that his teachings determined Alexander's political decisions during the years of conquest.

The discoveries at Mieza, meanwhile, offer a rare opportunity to better understand the environment where one of the most famous figures of the ancient world, Alexander the Great, was intellectually formed.

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