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2026-09-28 18:48:00Histori SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

German soldiers raise their hands and wave a white flag in surrender to American troops near Geilenkirchen, during World War II, November 20, 1944

Raising or waving a white flag is one of the most well-known gestures in the history of warfare. For centuries, it has been used to signal surrender, a request for a ceasefire, or a willingness to enter into negotiations with an opponent.

But why was the color white chosen? The origins of this custom remain partly unclear. Some explanations link it to the ancient civilizations of Assyria and Persia, while clearer historical evidence is found in ancient China and the Roman Empire.

The use of the white flag is mentioned during the Chinese Han Dynasty. Meanwhile, the Roman historian Tacitus describes the use of white cloth during a civil conflict in 69 AD. Previously, Roman soldiers also signaled surrender by raising their shields above their heads.

Why exactly the color white?

The explanation is mainly due to two practical reasons. First, white is easily recognizable in many natural environments. In the midst of the chaos of battle, a white cloth raised on a staff could be identified from afar, giving opponents a clear signal that its bearer was seeking to communicate rather than attack.

Second, white or undyed fabrics were cheaper and more widely available than colored materials. Soldiers could use a shirt, a piece of clothing, or whatever material was available to improvise a flag on the spot.

Over time, this gesture spread and acquired an increasingly stable meaning in relations between armies.

From tradition to international law

The use of the white flag was officially recognized in the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. Article 32 of the 1907 regulations stipulates that a representative authorized to negotiate with the opposing party, who appears carrying the white flag, enjoys special protection.

This protection also extends to the persons accompanying him on his mission. However, raising the white flag does not automatically mean final surrender. He may also express a request for negotiations or a temporary cessation of hostilities.

Thus, a simple piece of cloth, initially chosen for practical reasons, has become an international symbol that can pave the way to ending an armed conflict.


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