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How Iran managed to hit one of the most advanced American radars

2026-03-08 15:32:46Kosova&Bota SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
How Iran managed to hit one of the most advanced American radars
How Iran managed to hit one of the most advanced American radars

Reports of the destruction of a US AN/TPY-2 missile defense radar in Jordan and the damage to a similar system in the United Arab Emirates have raised questions about the importance of these systems and the potential implications for air defense in the region.

According to Maro Gilli, professor of Military Strategy and Technology at the Hertie School in Berlin, modern air and missile defense systems do not function as a single weapon, but as a complex network of sensors, communications, and interception systems.

"Air and missile defense should be understood as an integrated network of sensors, command systems, and interceptors, which includes ground-based radars, airborne and satellite sensors, as well as various interception systems," Gilli explains.

These networks are known as integrated air and missile defense (IAMD) systems and are based on a multi-layered defense, where different sensors and interceptors operate at different distances and altitudes to cover the airspace.

When this network is functioning properly, the weaknesses of some components are compensated for by the strengths of others. But according to Gill, if some key nodes of the system are damaged or disappear, the effectiveness of the entire network can drop significantly.

In this architecture, radars play a central role.

"Radars are essential because they ensure the detection, identification and tracking of targets, without which interception attempts become very difficult," he emphasizes.

For this reason, in many air campaigns radars are among the first targets to be neutralized. Without them, air defenses lose the ability to observe threats at great distances and have less time to coordinate a response.

The AN/TPY-2 radar is considered one of the most advanced systems of its kind. It operates in the X-band frequency, which allows for very high resolution and accurate identification of objects in the trajectory of a ballistic missile.

This means that the system can distinguish between warheads, debris or decoys and provide highly accurate data for interceptor systems.

According to Gill, what makes this radar particularly important is that, despite using the X-band frequency - usually reserved for fire control - it is also capable of conducting surveillance at very long distances.

This is achieved thanks to the large phased-array antenna, high transmit power and advanced radar beamforming techniques.

However, despite advanced technology, the system also has weaknesses.

Such a radar involves a large physical installation, with antennas, electronics, cooling systems, and power generators.

Although it is transportable, it is relatively difficult to hide and slow to move.

"A radar that emits signals is relatively easy to detect by adversary sensors, as its emissions can be electronically localized," explains Gilli.

If the radar antenna is destroyed, the system becomes practically unusable even if other parts of the installation remain intact.

If confirmed, the destruction of such a radar would constitute an operational success for Iran and a defense failure for the host state that had the responsibility to protect it.

Such systems are also very expensive and difficult to replace.

Modern radars use advanced semiconductor technologies, including gallium-nitride (GaN)-based components, which enable high power and high efficiency in signal transmission and reception.

These systems also include advanced electronic warfare technologies to protect against adversary countermeasures.


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