
Mosquitoes have been found in Iceland for the first time, according to experts, because global warming has made the country more hospitable to the insects.
Iceland was until this month one of the few places in the world that didn't have a mosquito population. The other is Antarctica.
Scientists have long predicted that mosquitoes could establish themselves in Iceland, as it has abundant breeding habitats, such as swamps and ponds. However, many species will not be able to survive the harsh climate.
But Iceland is warming, four times faster than the rest of the Northern Hemisphere. Glaciers have collapsed and fish from warmer southern climates, such as mackerel, have been found in the country's waters.
As the planet warms, more species of mosquitoes are being found around the globe. In the UK, eggs of the Egyptian mosquito (Aedes aegypti) were found this year, and the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) was discovered in Kent. These are invasive species that can spread tropical diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya and the Zika virus.
Matthías Alfreðsson, an entomologist at the Icelandic Institute of Natural Sciences, confirmed the findings there. He identified the insects himself after they were sent to him by a citizen.
"Three specimens of Culiseta annulata were found in Kiðafell, Kjós, two females and one male. All were collected from the vine ropes during the wine harvest with the aim of attracting moths," he said.
The pepper is cold-resistant and can survive in Icelandic conditions by sheltering during the winter in basements and barns.
Björn Hjaltason found the mosquitoes and posted about them in the Facebook group Insects in Iceland. “At dusk on October 16, I saw a strange fly on a red wine ribbon,” Björn said, referring to the trap he uses to attract the insects. “I immediately suspected what was happening and quickly collected it. It was a female.”
He caught two more and sent them to the scientific institute where they were identified.