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From Germany to France and Italy, EU countries are tightening immigration laws

2024-01-02 11:37:56Kosova&Bota SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

From Germany to France and Italy, EU countries are tightening immigration laws

In the first half of 2024, the elections for the new European Parliament are expected to take place in all 27 EU member states. The increase in the numbers of illegal migrants and refugees as well as asylum procedures, according to polls, will be the main topics of the election campaign.

The three main migrant destination countries in the EU, Germany, France and Italy, tightened national laws to reduce the number of illegal migrants and facilitate deportations.

Germany

From the Federal Office of Migration and Refugees, BAMF, it is known that during 2023, 350,000 of the more than 1 million asylum seekers in the EU will apply for asylum in Germany. In addition to asylum seekers from Syria, Afghanistan and Turkey, more than 1 million refugees from Ukraine have been sheltered in Germany. The government of the coalition of social democrats, Greens and liberals has reacted by tightening some laws. Thus, the "law of chances to stay" will facilitate the employment of migrants and their integration into society, if they live at least 5 years in the country. And the "law to improve deportation" will facilitate the return of rejected asylum seekers to their countries of origin, who with the new law can stay longer in deportation detention, their apartments can also be searched more easily and deportations can be carried out without long notice periods. Another law modernizes the right to citizenship. Germany allowed dual citizenship in 2023. The waiting time is reduced from eight to five years. But in case of anti-Semitism and racism of the applicant, the right of citizenship can be refused.

France

The French National Assembly shortly before the end of the year approved a new migration law with the votes of the right-wing populist party, Rassemblement national. Party leader Marine Le Pen claimed ideological victory for her "France First" policy. Liberal President Emmanuel Macron was not directly dependent in parliament on the "Rassemblement national" but on the votes of conservative Republicans who voted for tougher regulations.

Macron will allow the verification of the law in the Constitutional Council. With the new law, illegal migrants can be deported more easily, access to social assistance becomes more difficult and family reunification is limited. Foreign students must provide a financial deposit before coming to France. 70% of French support toughening of migration laws.

Ital

The right-wing populist coalition under Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni won the 2022 elections in Italy with a promise to reduce the number of migrants entering the country. Meloni must now submit results. For example, it managed to negotiate a return agreement with Tunisia, but in the end it was not implemented. The Italian Prime Minister also negotiated an agreement with Albania, which provides for the relocation of two reception centers with a capacity of over 3,000 people from Albania to Italy. Currently, Albanian justice is verifying whether this agreement with Italy is in accordance with the law.

On the other hand, Meloni announced that the deportation camps will be located in the less populated areas of Italy. Migrants will stay there for 18 months instead of 12 months as before, while the authorities decide on deportation. The summary organization of refugee organizations in Europe, the European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) criticized Italy in a report for making regular asylum procedures difficult. Applicants have to wait months for an appointment. But many migrants from Italy continue to the north, especially to Austria and Germany to apply for asylum there, at a time when, according to the Dublin rules, Italy should have been responsible for their reception. Rome refuses to take back the migrants that Germany, according to the regulation, should return in the country where they entered the EU for the first time.

Greece, Hungary, Austria and the Netherlands

In Greece, the direct return of migrants to the border or the return of motorboats to Turkish territorial waters (pushbacks) is more the rule than the exception. This is criticized by the ECRE organization in its year-end report in Brussels. Access to asylum procedures is very difficult, because migrants do not have the right to social assistance during the waiting period for the application. For some application schedules in Greece, a 100 euro fee is required from migrants, a procedure that is not found in other EU countries.

Hungary is the only country in the EU where, since 2016, the extraordinary right at the border rules. It is almost impossible for asylum seekers to enter Hungary. Asylum procedures must be applied at the embassies in Belgrade or Kiev. The central organization of refugee organizations in the EU, ECRE, is of the opinion that up to 150,000 people have been deported to Serbia on the heavily guarded Hungarian border. Although the European Court in Luxembourg and the Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg have declared this practice impermissible, official Budapest ignores these decisions.

In the Netherlands, the right-wing liberal government was even brought down over the topic of toughening immigration laws. The Prime Minister, Mark Rutte resigned, because he did not succeed in passing the law to limit family reunification for rejected asylum seekers.

In Austria, the Ministry of the Interior has imposed a work obligation for asylum seekers during the asylum procedure. If they refuse the work required in the community, they will be denied access to housing or social care.

European Union

Until April 2024, the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers of the EU, the representation of the 27 member countries must decide on the new migration pact. The extended reform of the asylum procedure in the EU brings several changes: Fast asylum procedures at the border for 30,000 people with little chance of asylum recognition as well as faster deportations to deportation centers. For the first time, the obligation for solidarity within the EU is also foreseen. In case of overcrowding in the countries where illegal migrants enter for the first time, such as Italy, Greece, Cyprus, Spain, Malta and Croatia, then the refugees and illegal migrants will be distributed with a quota system to the rest of the EU. The full implementation of the reform with 8 main laws is expected to last until 2026. However, the EU seeks to gain points with the asylum reform in the election campaign for the European Parliament elections, stated its president, the Christian Democrat, Roberta Metsola from Malta./ Taken from DW


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