
Saudi Arabia has reportedly opposed Egypt's inclusion in the new joint defense agreement with Turkey and Pakistan, despite Ankara's efforts to include Cairo in the alliance.
The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, now widely known as the Mecca Agreement, was signed on August 7 by Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan and envisages strengthening cooperation and joint deterrence in the field of security. The agreement has been compared to the principle of NATO's Article 5, according to which an attack on one member is considered an attack on all.
According to Middle East Eye reports, citing Saudi sources, Riyadh currently considers Egypt, led by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, to be a less reliable partner and heavily dependent on financial aid. Another reported concern is Cairo's proximity to the United Arab Emirates, with which Saudi Arabia has had differences on several strategic issues.
Turkey, on the other hand, has supported Egypt's inclusion. Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan has stated that Egypt could join the alliance in the future, making it clear that expanding the agreement remains a possibility.
For now, however, the agreement remains a tripartite pact between Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan. According to reports, Riyadh wants Cairo to demonstrate more credibility, strategic alignment and a willingness for long-term cooperation before its membership is considered.
The development also points to a significant realignment of security relations in the region, as Saudi Arabia seeks to diversify its defense partnerships beyond its traditional dependence on the United States.