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The new test that diagnoses cancer, just one drop of blood is enough

2023-10-11 13:49:49Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

The new test that diagnoses cancer, just one drop of blood is enough

A research team from Mass General Brigham, Harvard University's Wyss Institute and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, in collaboration with colleagues from several research centers, made an extremely important discovery.

According to the results of new research, published in Cancer Discovery, an ultra-sensitive blood test is able to detect a protein found only in cancerous tissue, being a biomarker of many types of cancer. If its effectiveness is confirmed, it is expected to revolutionize the diagnosis, but also the management of the disease.

The researchers collected and tested blood samples from patients with various types of cancer, including ovarian and colon cancer, using SIMOA single molecule detection technology, which was developed in Dr. David Walt of the Department of Pathology at Brigham and Women's Hospital and a founding member of Brigham General Mass.

The test is designed to detect the ORF1p protein, which is known to be found in many cancerous tissues, but not in healthy ones, thus "proving" the existence of some form of cancer in the body.

As a result, the test successfully measured the levels of ORF1p in the blood samples. Furthermore, examination of tissue samples from 200 colon biopsies and 75 esophageal biopsies, obtained from patients at various stages of cancer, showed that ORF1p was expressed not only in cancerous tissues but also in high-risk precursor lesions high for cancer.

"We were surprised at how well the test worked in detecting biomarker expression in different types of cancer," said researcher Martin Taylor of the Department of Pathology at Massachusetts General Hospital, also a founding member of Mass General Brigham. "Our results reinforce the view that ORF1p expression is a 'hallmark' of cancer and that it is expressed early in the process of cancer development," he added.

The great advantages of this test include its low cost, the fact that even half a drop of blood is enough to detect the biomarker, even if it exists at very low levels. Researchers hope that this test will offer the possibility of earlier diagnosis of cancer, but also better follow-up of patients after diagnosis.

The research team noted that the study had one major limitation: it did not provide important information, such as the exact location of cancerous tissue in the body. Furthermore, it did not appear to be able to successfully detect all cancers and their subtypes. Experts emphasize that this diagnostic tool can be used together with other tests, with the aim of early diagnosis, more effective cancer management, better patient response to treatments and timely implementation of adjustments where necessary.

The researchers are now working with clinicians to test the test's accuracy in larger studies and in different patient populations to more fully assess the value of the ORF1p biomarker in cancer detection.


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