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Fat, inactive, but healthy: Bear may hold key to treating diabetes in humans

2022-10-18 18:56:04Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
Fat, inactive, but healthy: Bear may hold key to treating diabetes in humans
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Just before hibernation, brown bears eat a lot—up to 20,000 calories a day, enough to gain about four pounds each day. And then they barely move, for months.

This is part of the bears' adaptive strategies to survive long winters without food.

If we humans did the same, we would put on dangerous amounts of weight and then probably develop diabetes.

But bears' extraordinary metabolism avoids this, and scientists are exploring what we can learn from them to improve our health.

One of the interesting things about bears is that during their lethargic sleep, they become insulin resistant and during the active season, they are insulin sensitive.

A group of scientists has identified eight key proteins – also found in humans – that help bears control their insulin levels.

What is insulin and how does it work?

Insulin is a hormone that regulates the concentration of glucose - sugar - in the blood, and it does this, for example, by sending signals to the muscles, liver and fat cells to absorb the sugar.

The point is that if too much sugar enters the body, our cells stop responding to insulin and they become insulin resistant, leading to excess sugar in our blood. This is a major cause of type 2 diabetes, a disease that can lead to heart attacks, strokes and blindness.

But scientists have found that even when brown bears are fed food, insulin resistance only kicks in during lethargic sleep and not during their preparation, allowing them to remain diabetes-free.


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