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One of the most powerful in the 19th century/ The "mysterious volcano" that cooled the Earth in 1831 is discovered

2025-01-05 19:09:00Kosova&Bota SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
One of the most powerful in the 19th century/ The "mysterious volcano"
Volcano - Photo illustration

The "mysterious volcano" that erupted in 1831 so explosively that it cooled the Earth's climate has finally been identified by scientists, almost 200 years later.

The eruption was one of the most powerful in the 19th century, releasing so much sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere that average annual temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere dropped by about one degree Celsius.

The year of this historic eruption was known, but the location of the volcano was unknown. Scientists recently solved this puzzle by taking samples from ice cores in Greenland, exploring past layers of the core to examine sulfur isotopes, ash grains and small pieces of volcanic glass deposited between 1831 and 1834.

They linked the 1831 eruption to an island volcano in the northwest Pacific Ocean, reported this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Isolated area

According to the analysis, the mysterious volcano is the Zavaritsky volcano on Simushir Island, part of the Kuril Islands archipelago, a disputed area between Russia and Japan. Before the scientists' discovery, the last known eruption of Zavaritskyi was in 800 BC.

One of the most powerful in the 19th century/ The "mysterious volcano"

“We have a very poor understanding of the eruption history of many of Earth’s volcanoes, particularly those in isolated areas,” said the study’s lead author, Dr. William Hutchison, a research associate in the College of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of St. Andrews in the United Kingdom.

"Zavaritskyi is located on an extremely isolated island between Japan and Russia. No one lives there and historical records are limited to a few logs from ships that pass these islands every few years," Hutchison told CNN.


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