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HISTORIC MISSIONS TO THE MOON: All the secrets of the 7 Apollo missions

2022-11-22 17:48:02Histori SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
HISTORIC MISSIONS TO THE MOON: All the secrets of the 7 Apollo missions
Buzz Aldrin in front of the American flag on the moon

In December 1972, American astronauts left a metal plaque on the Moon with this inscription: "Here man completed the first exploration of the Moon. May the spirit of peace with which they came be reflected in the lives of all human beings."

Lunar explorations that began with Apollo 11 in 1969 and ended with Apollo 17 in 1972. The summer of 1969 was a special time in history. This happened when people from Earth - American astronauts - went on the Apollo 11 spacecraft to the Moon, landed and returned to Earth without a problem. The world honored these astronauts as heroes.

Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin were the first to land on the moon. But they were not the last.

The American space flight agency, known by the acronym Nasa, undertook 6 more missions to the moon with the Apollo spacecraft.

Apollo 12 left for the moon just 4 months after the return of Apollo 11. It had rained the night before. The clouds had cleared, but more rain was forecast. NASA officials concluded that the weather was suitable and so Apollo 12 left Earth for the Moon.

36 seconds after liftoff, a bolt of lightning struck the Saturn 5 rocket propelling the shuttle. The Apollo spacecraft lost power to the control system. The apparatus stopped working. The astronauts worked coolly and turned the power back on. But another bolt of lightning struck and the power went out again.

The second lightning bolt did not touch the Saturn 5 rocket. So it continued to propel the spacecraft on its path. The astronauts quickly fixed the bug. The situation returned to normal and Apollo 12 was able to continue its flight to the Moon.

The three astronauts aboard Apollo were Navy pilots. Charles Konrad was the flight commander. Richard Gordon, command module pilot and Alan Bean was the lunar lander pilot.

After four days, Apollo 12 arrived near the landing site on the Moon. The area was called Ocean Storms, about 2,000 kilometers west of the Apollo 11 landing site.

Richard Gordon remained in command of the module coming around the moon. Charles Konrad and Alan Bean flew the probe and landed it on the surface of the Moon. They approached the Surveyor 3 probe, an unmanned spacecraft that had arrived two years earlier and sent back about 6,000 pictures of the Moon before it stopped working.

Konrad landed on the surface of the Moon. "The surface is soft, I hope I don't sink into it," he said, and the voice was recorded at the flight control center on Earth.

Alan Bean followed Conrad to the surface of the Moon and the two collected about 35 kilograms of rocks. They left there 5 scientific instruments that would send information to Earth. Before leaving, Bean and Konrad also visited the long-defunct Surveyor probe. These two astronauts stayed on the moon for about 30 hours. Then they returned to the Apollo ship which was waiting for them in orbit and from there they left for Earth. The capsule with the 3 astronauts fell into the Atlantic Ocean, just 6 kilometers from where the Navy ship was waiting.

Apollo 13

During the American project of 7 flights to the moon, Apollo 13, never managed to land on the lunar surface. Three days after departure from Earth, an explosion damaged the ship. Astronauts lost a lot of oxygen.

They had to abort the moon landing and used the lander as a "lifeboat". Its oxygen kept the astronauts alive during the journey back to Earth.

Apollo 14

Apollo 14 was launched in January 1971 and landed on the Moon in the Fra Maouro area just east of the region where Apollo 12 had landed. Fra Maouro is an area of ​​high hills created millions of years ago by the impact of a powerful meteorite . For this reason, scientists wanted to study the surface of these hills. They believe that by studying data from this surface they can provide important information about the early history of the Moon.

The flight commander of Apollo 14 was Alan Shepard. He was known then as the first American in Space. Stuart Rosa and Edgar Mitchell were the other two crew members. On Apollo 14, the astronauts also carried a two-wheeled travel device that they would use to carry cameras and other equipment when they landed on the Moon. This tool allowed them to travel far from the landing site to collect rocks and conduct experiments. The astronauts were able to walk up to 3 kilometers away from the probe. Although they had the two-wheeled vehicle, Shepard and Mitchell were unable to reach one of their targets, the crater called Kone. They didn't have enough oxygen to travel that far and returned to the probe that was waiting for them.

Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 gathered a lot of information for scientists, which prompted NASA to continue the project of trips to the moon.

The other three missions would allow astronauts to stay longer on the Moon. They would now use a four-wheeled vehicle to travel on the surface of the Moon. This vehicle was called the Lunar Rover and was powered by batteries. With it, the astronauts could go more than 30 kilometers away from the landing site. The lunar rover could carry equipment weighing 110 kilograms and was also equipped with a television camera that sent broadcast-quality color images to ground stations.

Apollo 15

The Apollo 15 crew consisted of astronauts David Scott, Alfred Warden, and James Irwin. They left Earth in July 1971 and landed on the Moon in an area called Hadley Rille near the Apennine Mountains, northwest of where Apollo 11 landed.

Apollo 15 astronauts returned safely to Earth. The scientists were surprised by the stones they brought with them.

Scientists named one of these stones the Genesis Stone, which is believed to be 4 billion years old. According to scientists, this stone was created when the Moon was at its earliest age.

The soil that the astronauts brought back from the moon contained pieces of orange-colored glass. Scientists say that this glass was the result of materials created at a depth of 300 kilometers below the surface of the Moon.

Apollo 16

In April 1972, Apollo 16 left for the Moon. On board were astronauts John Yong, Thomas Mattingly and Charles Duke. Young and Duke landed southwest of the Apollo 11 landing site.

They stayed on the Moon for 45 hours and during this time they collected rocks and placed some scientific instruments on the surface.

Apollo 17

HISTORIC MISSIONS TO THE MOON: All the secrets of the 7 Apollo missions

Astronauts Eugene Kerman, Harrison Schmid, and Ronald Evans were the last to travel to the Moon on the Apollo 17 mission. It was December 1972. Kerman and Schmid landed in a valley just north of where Apollo 11 had landed. They stood on the surface of They spent 72 hours on the moon and more than 24 hours working outside the probe they landed on. These astronauts made 3 trips with the Lunar Rover taking pictures and collecting rocks. They also left a lot of scientific equipment there that would continue to send back to Earth various information about the Moon.

HISTORIC MISSIONS TO THE MOON: All the secrets of the 7 Apollo missions

Kerman and Shmid left the Moon on December 14, and before they left they left a metal plaque with this inscription: “Here man completed the first exploration of the Moon. May the spirit of peace with which they came be reflected in the lives of all human beings." The metal plate with this inscription, in English of course, continues to be on the surface of the Moon as a permanent sign of man's arrival there.

With the Apollo 17 ship, the production of the Saturn 5 rocket as well as the production of the Apollo ships came to an end.

America's manned explorations of the moon were over.

This was a special time in human history because for the first time humans went beyond their small planet within the giant solar system.

After that, the Moon would again become inaccessible to man.

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