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The massive "blackout" in Albania, Montenegro and Croatia, the preliminary investigation: Here is what is suspected to have caused it

2024-11-12 20:05:19Aktualitet SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX

 

The massive "blackout" in Albania, Montenegro and Croatia, the
Illustrative photo

 

The sequence of events that preceded the major interruption of the electricity system of Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia on June 21 of this year began in Montenegro with the disconnection of the transmission line Podgorica 2 - Ribarevin at 12:09 , due to a short circuit that occurred due to insufficient distance between the transmission line and the vegetation below it when the circuit breaker tripped the transmission line, according to a preliminary report by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E).

The report also states that this should not be the cause of the power system outage in four countries, but that in Montenegro it was the first transmission system failure that day and that the final report will be available from the beginning of 2025. who will determine the causes and give recommendations.

The analysis is not yet complete

The transmission lines of Montenegro are managed by the majority state company "Crnogorski elektroprenosni sistem" (CGES), which, when asked by the "Vijesti" newspaper, said that the analysis of the cause of the collapse of the energy system in four states on June 21 is not final, but preliminary, and that contact of transmission lines with vegetation caused the outage of that transmission line, not the entire system.

"Only the preliminary report of ENTSO-E was published, which listed the events important for the collapse of the system. Only one of the events recorded that day was the interruption of the transmission Podgorica - Ribarevina. A detailed analysis of the reality, the causes of the collapse of the system are still in process and the report will be published, most likely, at the beginning of next year", declared CGES.

 

The massive "blackout" in Albania, Montenegro and Croatia, the
Map of the first interruptions of the energy system in Montenegro and the region, photo: nesto.eu

 

There was contact between vegetation and power lines...

When asked if it is true that insufficiently cleared vegetation near the Ribarevina - Podgorica transmission line is the cause of the interruption of the electric power system in four states, CGES denied this.

"No, it is not true that insufficiently cleared vegetation near the power lines is the cause of the outage. Contact between the conductor and vegetation is the cause of the outage of that particular transmission line, not the collapse of the system. I mean, the preliminary report already said that 'the results of various analyzes carried out by the regional coordination centers before the incident of June 21, 2024 show that the network was considered safe and that no problems were detected large in the affected area' The interruption of a single transmission line cannot have caused the entire incident, therefore a detailed analysis is being made, which ENTSO-E will present to the public as soon as it is completed," he said CGES.

Asked what CGES can do and what it will do to prevent the recurrence of similar situations, they said that they are constantly working to improve the quality of work.

"Regarding a specific event, CGES will certainly follow all recommendations from the report once it is completed," the company said.

The decline of the chain started after the breakdown in Albania

According to the details mentioned by the ENTSO-E report, after this interruption in the transmission Podgorica 2 - Ribarevin at 12:99, the voltage in the system in Montenegro and the region has stabilized.

"This outage caused an initial drop in voltage in the affected region, but tensions stabilized quickly. The second interruption was the disconnection of the transmission line Zemblak - Kardia (Albania - Greece) at 12:21 p.m. "The short circuit that led to the failure was caused by the very short distance to the vegetation under the transmission line, the same as the first outage," the report said.

The first and second outages occurred 12 minutes apart, and the cause of the second outage on the Albania-Greece transmission line was unrelated to the first outage in Montenegro, as it was caused by a short circuit between the transmission line and vegetation.

The sequence of outages shows that after the failure of the Albania-Greece transmission line that occurred at 12:21:33 p.m., there were a series of related power system outages in the region. Ten seconds later, at 12:21:43, the Fierze-Prizren transmission line went offline, five seconds later, at 12:21:48, the Dubrovnik hydropower plant, and three seconds after that, the Trebinja hydropower plant.

The massive "blackout" in Albania, Montenegro and Croatia, the
The part of the Balkans where electricity was cut off within three minutes on June 21 photo: Entsoe.eu

Entire systems collapsed in three minutes

Then, with a difference of only a few seconds, 17 energy facilities - transmission lines, transmission substations and large power plants - went out of order, so that in 12 hours and 24 minutes, the entire area of ​​Albania, most of Mali Montenegro and Bosnia-Herzegovina and a large part of Croatia remained without power for two or three hours.

A final investigation will provide causes and recommendations by early 2025

The final report of the ENTSO-E Expert Council, as explained, will not only present an analysis of the incident, but also provide recommendations for preventing similar occurrences in the future.

"The investigation will focus on several key aspects, including a general and specific analysis of the collapse of the energy system, especially in the context of: technical reviews of the incident; an investigation into the root causes and other critical factors contributing to the event as well as a conclusion with any recommended actions based on the findings of the investigation,” the report states.

They expect the final results of the investigation to be published in ENTSO-E by the beginning of 2025. The main questions to be addressed by the investigation are what were the main causes of the incident and why they could not be prevented, what other important factors during outage should be considered, what safeguards were effective in preventing further outages within the power system and whether all regulations and procedures were followed during these events or whether any irresponsibility contributed to this incident.

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