Contrary to popular belief, the human heart can partially regenerate after a heart attack.
Researchers led by the University of Sydney have observed that heart muscle cells begin to reproduce after such damage, although they are unable to completely prevent the formation of some tissue, which then impairs the efficiency of the heart.
The discovery, published in the journal Circulation Research, opens up new possibilities for regenerative therapies for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death globally.
Researchers led by Robert Hume were able to use, for the first time, samples of living human heart tissue taken from patients undergoing bypass surgery, a surgical procedure aimed at restoring blood flow by bypassing blocked arteries.
Thanks to these samples, the study authors were able to sequence RNA molecules, which carry the instructions for building proteins encoded in DNA, closely observing the metabolism of cardiac tissue.
The data showed for the first time that, after a heart attack, the division and proliferation of heart muscle cells actually increases, a phenomenon previously observed only in mice.
"While this new discovery about muscle cell regeneration is exciting," Hume comments
"But it is not enough to prevent the devastating effects of a heart attack. So we hope that over time we can develop therapies that can enhance the heart's natural ability to produce new cells and regenerate," he adds.