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New study: Earth's innermost layer is an iron "ball" 644 km wide

2023-02-22 18:28:10Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
New study: Earth's innermost layer is an iron "ball" 644 km wide
The innermost layer of the Earth is an iron "ball" 644 km wide

For a long time scientists have been troubled by a question: What is at the center of the Earth? And, studies done over the years lean more towards the theory that our planet has an iron "ball" inside its metallic core.

Beneath the outermost crust, mantle, and molten liquid outer core is Earth's solid metallic center, which actually has a hidden layer, or "inner core," within the existing core. This is the conclusion of a new study, published on Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications.

New study: Earth's innermost layer is an iron "ball" 644 km wide

According to these latest discoveries, the Earth actually has five main layers, not four. Details from this study are expected to help scientists unravel some of the oldest mysteries about our planet and how it was formed.

This new part of the core has been discovered using new data sets, collected by monitoring seismic waves during earthquakes as they pass through the center of the Earth.

Seismic waves are vibrations that flow within or along the Earth's surface and through its interior layers as a result of earthquakes, volcanoes, or other phenomena.

"In this study, for the first time, we report observations of seismic waves from powerful earthquakes that travel from one side of the globe to the other up to five times as ricochets," explains study co-author Dr. Thanh-Son Phạm, seismologist and postdoctoral fellow at the Research School of Earth Sciences at the Australian National University in Canberra.

New study: Earth's innermost layer is an iron "ball" 644 km wide

The reason why this layer has not been observed before in such detail is related to the fact that its composition is very similar to the layer that surrounds it. This new center of the Earth, according to the study, is most likely 644 km wide, and has the shape of a metal "ball". Its casing is made of iron-nickel alloy and other elements.

To assess the contents of the Earth's core, the researchers observed how fast seismic waves traveled through it, in different directions, and found that the core, inside the core, changes the speed of these waves in a different way than the layer above it, the outer shell. of the central core.

The discovery of the new layer, more than 1,600 kilometers below our feet, is significant. The presence of a separate core apart from the inner one could give scientists a clearer picture of the Earth's magnetic field and how it has evolved to date.

The new discovery "also gives us a glimpse of what might have happened to other planets," Pham said.

"Take Mars as an example. We still don't understand why (Mars' magnetic field) ceased to exist in the past."

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