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Why hurricanes have female names and some scientific curiosities about powerful ocean storms

2022-09-28 18:58:43Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
Why hurricanes have female names and some scientific curiosities about powerful
Hurricane Ian

In the United States, hurricane season begins on June 1 and ends on November 30 of each year.

Category 3 Hurricane Ian, with winds of up to 195 km/h (120 mph), is expected to hit Florida after battering Cuba that left it without power.

Some scientific curiosities about powerful oceanic storms

Why hurricanes have female names and some scientific curiosities about powerful
Hurricane Ian

Powerful storms that form over the Indian Ocean are called cyclones. Those that form over the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean are called typhoons, while hurricanes are the powerful storms created over the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean as well as over the Atlantic Ocean.

A storm with a pleasant name, in 2011, brought great destruction and casualties to several countries in North America. It was Hurricane Irene, which began to form in the Caribbean Sea. Later, this hurricane gained more and more power, extending to a length of 1,770 kilometers, along the eastern coast of the United States. Another hurricane, even more destructive than Irene, was Hurricane Katrina, which hit the south-central areas of the USA in 2005.

Human names have been used for natural phenomena for centuries. An Australian scientist began giving storms proper feminine names in the late 19th century.

During World War II, scientists used the names of their wives or girlfriends for storms.

American weathermen began naming storms after women in 1953.

In 1979, they started using male names as well.

Scientists decide which proper names to use long before storms occur. During the meetings of the World Meteorological Organization, they create special lists with these names. The National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida maintains a list of Atlantic storm names for each six-year period. Specialists begin to give names to storms when winds reach 62 kilometers per hour, even in cases where the wind speed does not increase much and the storm passes unnoticed.

The first name used at the beginning of hurricane season begins with the letter A. The second with the letter B, and so on. The letters Q, V, X, Y and Z are not used. The same list cannot be used again after six years. Different lists are used in different countries of the world. A name is removed from use when the storm bearing that name was too destructive.

Ocean storms form when the air temperature in one area is different from that of the area next to it. Warm air rises while cold air descends. These movements create changes in atmospheric pressure.

If the pressure changes over a wide area, the winds begin to blow in large circles. High pressure air moves towards low pressure centers. Dense clouds cause heavy rain to fall as the storm moves over the ocean. Storms gain more and more power as they move towards areas of the ocean with warm water.

The strongest winds are those around the center of the storm. The center of the storm, or eye, itself is a quieter area. Ocean storms also create large waves that can reach more than 6 meters in height. Waves are responsible for about 90 percent of the casualties caused by ocean storms.

The National Hurricane Center in Miami carefully monitors the progress of powerful ocean storms. It works closely with state authorities as well as with radio and television to inform people. Specialists believe that the warning system being used has helped enough, in recent years, to reduce the number of victims of oceanic storms.

But in some cases people cannot leave, or decide not to leave, areas where the storm is expected to pass. This happened in many places in the state of Louisiana when Hurricane Katrina hit the area.

Some studies show that some people do not leave threatened areas because they do not have transportation options. Another reason is that they are afraid of the damage that can be caused to their properties by people, in cases where these properties escape the storm. Also, there are people who do not want to abandon their pets or farm animals. Today, there are many more animal rescue plans than in years past.

Weather experts use computer programs to predict storm movements. These programs combine data related to temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure and air humidity level.

This information is collected by satellites and devices that float over the water of the oceans. Specialists also receive data from ships and planes. State authorities send special planes to fly around and inside storms. Measuring devices are launched from them by parachute.

Scientists use the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale to determine their strength, using wind speed. This measurement scale helps predict the flooding and damage that the storm may cause. The scale is divided into five groups or categories. The least powerful hurricane is the "One" category. The winds of this type of hurricane blow at a speed of 120 to 150 kilometers per hour. This storm may damage trees or weak structures. It can also cause flooding.

Category "Two" hurricane winds reach speeds of up to 180 kilometers per hour. Winds between 180 and 250 kilometers per hour speed belong to category "Three" and "Four" hurricanes. Storms even more powerful than that are category "Five" hurricanes.

 


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