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A 130-millennia tooth can tell us more about an ancient human cousin

2022-05-18 19:04:51Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
A 130-millennia tooth can tell us more about an ancient human cousin
Computer illustration of a denisovan's portrait

A child's 130,000-year-old tooth found in a cave in Oslo could help scientists discover more information about an ancient human cousin, according to a new study.

Researchers believe the discovery proves that Denisovans, an already extinct branch of humanity, lived in warm areas of Southeast Asia.

Very little is known about the Denisovas, who anthropologists have classified as a cousin of Neanderthals. Scientists first discovered them while working in a Siberian cave in 2010 and found a finger bone of a girl belonging to a previously unidentified group of people.

Using only one finger and a tooth found in Denisova Cave, they pulled out a genome of the entire group.

Fossils found outside the African continent suggest that humanity began spreading beyond Africa earlier than previously thought. Archaeologists also discovered similar fossil remains, the upper part of the jaw and some teeth still stored in it, in one of Israel's prehistoric caves.

After analysis, using technology, scientists determined that their age is somewhere between 175 thousand and 200 millennia.

A 130-millennia tooth can tell us more about an ancient human cousin

This means that humanity's migration across Africa began 100,000 years ago than previously thought. Before this discovery, the oldest human fossil found outside Africa was 90 thousand years old.

Scientists believe that 765,000 years ago, Neanderthals and Denisovas broke away from man in Africa. About 20 thousand years later, neanderthals and Denisovas began to break away from each other. 560 thousand years later, neanderthals migrated from Africa to Europe. This followed an increase in their population, bringing fragmentation and life to small and isolated groups in Eurasia.

With the new discovery, it is already believed that 175 thousand to 200 thousand years ago, modern humans began migration outside Africa, where scientists suggest there were also intersections with neanderthals. With this intersection, researchers also explain the fact that some people in Asia and Europe still have traces of the DNA of our former.

As far as the disappearance of neanderthals belongs, there are many theories. It is suggested that the first people to have moved from Africa to Europe and Asia may have carried tropical diseases with them, which have wiped out neanderthals.

Another theory links their extinction to climate change and the sharp decrease in temperatures, to which neanderthals did not adapt. But the dominant theory is what humans killed the Neanderthals in the ongoing struggle for food and territory.


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