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What is glycemia and what is its role in our body?

2022-08-24 15:55:16Lifestyle SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
What is glycemia and what is its role in our body?
What is glycemia?

Blood glucose indicates the value of glucose concentration in the blood. It is a term often associated with diabetes. For this, it is necessary to understand what are the exact values ​​of glucose in the blood, when it is too high or too low and how to prevent possible changes through nutrition and physical activity, writes melarossa.it.

In fact, it is not only excess sugar in the blood (hyperglycemia) that causes problems, even quite serious ones, but also its low availability (hypoglycemia).

Maintaining a correct blood sugar level allows, in particular, the central nervous system to perform its functions, as it needs a constant supply of glucose. This happens thanks to a regulatory system that allows you to keep blood sugar as stable as possible during the day, even when fasting.

The main source of glucose is food, but if necessary it can be synthesized within the body itself. It is the liver, in fact, that provides the supply of glucose through two metabolic processes: glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen until glucose is obtained) and gluconeogenesis (the process by which a glucose component is converted into glucose).

What is blood sugar?

The word glucose (from ancient Greek: glukýs, "sweet" and haîma, "blood")

By blood sugar we mean the concentration of glucose in the blood. It is a fundamental substance for our body as it is an essential nutrient for all cells, which receive it directly from the blood.

Glucose and its metabolism

Normal fasting blood glucose levels range from >70 to <100 mg/dL. This state of normality is guaranteed by the balance of two antagonistic hormones:

Glucagon, hyperglycemic, produced by the α-cells of the endocrine pancreas.

Insulin, hypoglycemic, secreted by pancreatic β cells.

Under normal conditions, after a meal, the pancreas increases the secretion of insulin to ensure that the glucose ingested with food is used by the cells.

Instead, in the case of overweight or obesity, a phenomenon known as "insulin resistance" develops. It is a condition characterized by a decrease in the ability of cells of peripheral organs, especially muscle, adipose tissue and liver, to respond to insulin.

How is blood sugar measured?

It's very easy. It is measured by taking a blood sample or using an instrument called a glucometer. Within seconds it checks a drop of blood taken from a fingertip using a device.

What are the blood glucose values?

In healthy subjects, with a regular life and a correct diet, usually during the day blood sugar values ​​fluctuate between 60 and 130 mg/dl. On the contrary, when fasting, blood glucose values ​​can vary from 70 to 100 mg/dl.


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