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When the Illyrian kings Agron, Teuta and Ghent ignored Rome

2022-10-09 20:04:08Histori SHKRUAR NGA REDAKSIA VOX
When the Illyrian kings Agron, Teuta and Ghent ignored Rome
When the Illyrian kings Agron, Teuta and Ghent ignored Rome

The history of the Illyrian dynasties. From King Agron, to Teuta, Queen of the Seas, to the noble King Ghent. How the Illyrian kingdom defied and fought Rome, the greatest empire in history.

While the states of the Angels, Taulants and that of Epirus, there from the middle of the century. III were weakened and soon fell as a result of devastating and bloody external and internal wars, a new Illyrian state, the state of the Ardians.

He entered the political arena with great energy. The first settlements of the Ardians were the provinces that stretched north of the river Narona (today's Narenta) to the lands of the Dalmatians.

In the middle of the century The third king of the Ardians was Agroni (250-231 BC). During his rule, the Ardian state became powerful. He prepared great naval and land forces, "the biggest that the kings of Illyria had until then", as Polybius says. These forces enabled Agron to pursue an active foreign policy. At first he attacked and annexed some of the Greek colonies of the Dalmatian coast to his own state. Of them, he conquered Fari and Korkyra e Zeze with ease, while Isa withstood the Illyrian attacks for a long time.

After that, Agron undertook a series of naval actions across the Adriatic and Ionian. His ships and men reached deep into the shores of Greece. "Lakonia has become the prey of Illyrian pirates", said the king of Sparta, Cleomenes. Alongside the naval attacks, Agroni attacked southern Illyria by land. He subdued the Dokleates (in Montenegro) and took the center of the Labaites, Shkodra. Later, under the rule of the Ardians came the city of Lis, the Parthians and other Illyrian tribes, which were previously part of the kingdom of the Taulants.

The kingdom of the Ardians now extended over a vast territory that included central Dalmatia and the Dalmatian islands, southern Herzegovina and the lands of Albania as far as Vjosa. Successive conquests greatly increased the power of the Ardian state and increased its political authority in the eyes of its neighbors.

They allowed Agron to reap another victory - diplomatic - to establish alliance relations with one of the biggest powers in the Balkans at the time, Macedonia. This alliance enabled him to implement the policy of conquest more easily.

In agreement with the king of Macedonia, Demetrius II Agron attacked from the sea, in 231, the Aetolians, who had surrounded the city of Medion in Acarnania and were threatening its independence. The Aetolians broke through the powerful attack of the Illyrian army and the city was saved from the siege. This victory gave the Illyrians great booty and many slaves.

After the death of Agron (231 BC) his wife Teuta continued his policy, who ruled as tutor to the little king Pines.

When the Illyrian kings Agron, Teuta and Ghent ignored Rome
Teuta

The arrival of a woman at the head of this dynasty, things would not change, on the contrary, the fame would go beyond the borders of Illyria and Queen Teuta would become the nightmare of the ships in the seas.

The last one, which would end not only this dynasty, but also the history of the kingdom of the Illyrians, would be Ghent.

The time of the Queen of the Seas, as Queen Teuta has been variously called, dates back to 230-228 BC. she did not stay long in power, but her work and glory have triumphed until our days.

As a continuation of the emancipation of women and the fascinating culture of Illyria, there was also the coming to the throne of Queen Teuta, Agron's second wife. King Agron had two wives, but of course Teuta had the right authority and wisdom to become Queen.

She was put in charge of the Illyrian state and army and led the state in a prosperous period, but her hand and mind would be needed to further this progress. Teuta was based and tried to carry forward the half-left plans of King Agron, as far as the further strengthening of the state order was concerned, and what should be mentioned is that it gave priority to the central government, gave impulses to the economic-cultural development of cities as well as strengthening in the military field. She took care not to encroach on the former borders of the Kingdom. But it is worth mentioning that he paid the main attention to the fleet, he built several warships called "Liburne", which ruled the Adriatic Sea. Such a powerful state, with a great naval power, that challenged to the entrance of the Mediterranean. It could not be accepted even silently by the neighboring countries. Especially from the fact that the head of this country was a woman.

Teuta became the object of interest and discussion in the surrounding states, especially in Rome, could the Roman Empire endure the rivalry of a woman?

Thus when some Roman ships were attacked in the Adriatic by some Illyrian ships. Rome sent two consuls Lain and Korongai to Shkodër to ask Teuta to intervene to stop the sea attacks.

She promised the Romans that she would see to it that the ships of Roman citizens did not suffer any injustice in the Adriatic Sea, but she could not stop the sailing of private citizens out of Illyria. The younger delegate called it "improper behavior, stupidity and weakness of a woman".

Teuta was greatly offended and so ordered the threatening young Roman consul to be killed, and the Queen's order was carried out.

The Romans with about twenty thousand people and two hundred ships landed in three regions in Durrës, Corfu and Apolloni. The Illyrian fleet faced strong opponents, winning small battles.

Dhimitër Fari, thinking that he would occupy Teuta's place, handed over the Illyrian fleet and the island to the Romans.

Teuta ruled the state for a short time, but being weakened by internal betrayals, left without naval military power as well as without the support of neighbors, retreated with the few forces to the fortified city of Rizan - in Montenegro . Meanwhile, Illyria became a Roman province.

Legends say that she died lonely, but proud.

The last Illyrian king was Ghent, who is undoubtedly one of the most mentioned in the history of antiquity.

When the Illyrian kings Agron, Teuta and Ghent ignored Rome
King Gent

Known for his sense of practicality, innovation and his passion for biology, he finds a place of honor in the pages of history.

His traces are lost in 168 BC, when Shkodra fell. Some historians claim that he disappeared, was killed, escaped. Until a few years ago, no one had information about the fate of the Ardian sovereign.

After the year 2000, it was the Albanian emigrants in Italy who followed in the footsteps of Gent. His tomb is located in Italy, in the province of Gubbio, Perugia, in the province of Umbria.

King Ghent was the sovereign of the Ardian tribe with its capital in Shkodra. Reign from 192 BC to 168 BC From the beginning of his reign, he faced opposition from Roman politics. He was accused of inciting the resumption of piracy on the part of the Illyrians, and with this pretext the senate appointed in 178 a special fleet of 10 ships, which would operate in the Adriatic to guard the waters between Ancona and Taranto from the Illyrian fleet.

Rome incited the Dalmatians against him, who seceded from the kingdom. King Ghent had to wage a fierce war against the high aristocracy, which had pro-Roman tendencies and enjoyed wide support even at the royal court. Nothing deterred Ghent in this war, in which he also sacrificed his brother, Platorus, whom Rome intended to place on the throne in his stead.

Ghent devoted all his attention to the economic and political strengthening of the kingdom. What is best proven to us by the sources among the masses with an economic character is the dense coinage activity that Ghent developed.

At the time of Ghent, the Illyrian Kingdom extended over a fairly wide territory and represented the second power after Macedonia, in the western and southern part of the Peninsula.

Ghent held the title "king of the Illyrians" and ruled as a Roman king, and no other authority was known in the sources to limit his actions.

After several battles, the end of his reign is connected with the III Illyrian-Roman War, when the Ardians were defeated. In 168 BC, he surrendered to the Roman legions that conquered Shkodra.

Realizing that he could no longer defend his territories, Ghent agreed to be sent as a prisoner to Rome together with his family, on the condition that the population would not be persecuted and killed.

Simultaneously with Illyria and Macedonia, the Romans also subdued Epirus. Genti and his family were sent to Rome. Thus the two powerful states in the Balkans were signed and Roman rule was established in these provinces.

Historians claim that the Ardian king was taken as a captive to Rome and held prisoner for a year and then executed.

Meanwhile, according to another and less reliable version, he was sent to the Roman Empire, where he was given offices and wealth, to abdicate the throne of the Ardian tribe.

However, the mausoleum has the characteristics of an aristocratic tomb and takes place in the necropolis area of ​​Gubbio, which was quite developed at the time.

When the Illyrian kings Agron, Teuta and Ghent ignored Rome
The mausoleum where King Ghent was buried

This fact leaves a clear path to believe that the Romans honored Ghent of Illyria after his death, although in and abroad.

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